Obesity: Health Impact and Recognition

Dr. Anush Sargsyan, endocrinologist at Kandinsky Clinic, explains how excess weight affects not only aesthetics but also poses risks to heart, blood vessels, and overall health.

Identifying Excess Weight

Body Mass Index (BMI) is the most widely used method for determining excess weight among people aged 18-65. Calculate your BMI by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared (BMI = weight(kg)/height²(m²)).

According to WHO classification, weight categories are defined as:

• Normal Weight (BMI < 25): Body mass corresponds to height without health risks. For example, at 170cm, normal weight ranges from 53-72kg.
• Overweight (BMI 25-29.9): Body mass exceeds norm by 10-29%. Various factors like genetics, lifestyle, nutrition, and hormonal disorders can contribute. At 170cm, overweight ranges from 73-87kg.
• Class I Obesity (BMI 30-34.9): Exceeds norm by 30-40%, accompanied by metabolic disorders, increased blood pressure, and compromised organ function. At 170cm, ranges from 88-104kg.
• Class II Obesity (BMI 35-39.9): Exceeds norm by 50-90%, risking serious complications like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and joint problems. At 170cm, ranges from 105-121kg.
• Class III Obesity (BMI >40): Exceeds norm by more than double, causing severe health complications requiring urgent intervention. At 170cm, exceeds 122kg.

Types of Obesity

Obesity is also classified by fat distribution patterns:

• Abdominal (Android) Type: Fat accumulates in the upper body, particularly the abdomen. This "apple shape" is more common in men and carries higher risks for stroke, heart attack, and diabetes.
• Gynoid Type: Fat accumulates mainly in hips and thighs. This "pear shape" is more common in women and associates with venous insufficiency and joint problems.
• Mixed Type: Combines characteristics and risks of both types, affecting multiple body areas.

Common Causes

While only 5% of obesity cases stem from metabolic disorders, most result from overeating combined with low physical activity. Common causes include:

• Overeating, especially fatty and carbohydrate-rich foods
• Irregular eating patterns
• Genetic enzyme activity disorders
• Endocrine disorders
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Emotional eating
• Hormone medication effects

Prevention and Treatment

Successful weight management requires a comprehensive approach including:

• Regular physical activity
• Balanced nutrition
• Stress management
• Professional medical supervision
• Lifestyle modifications

Kandinsky Clinic offers expert consultation to determine your obesity type, assess health status, and develop an appropriate treatment program, supporting you throughout your journey to better health.