Dust Mites: Invisible Housemates and Their Health Impact

Dr. Dmitry Shilov, allergist-immunologist at Kandinsky Clinic, explains how household dust harbors microscopic creatures capable of triggering allergies.

Understanding Dust Mites

Dust mites are tiny invertebrates measuring up to 0.5mm, invisible to the naked eye. Currently, there are approximately 150 known species of household dust mites. These creatures thrive in warm, humid environments where food is abundant. They feed on dead skin cells from humans and animals, along with other organic debris, making bedding, mattresses, pillows, carpets, and curtains their preferred habitats.

Health Risks

While dust mites aren't parasites or infectious agents, they release byproducts such as enzymes, proteins, and excrement into the environment. These allergens can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals when inhaled or contacted through skin or eyes.

Dust mite allergies can manifest through various symptoms:

• Nasal congestion, sneezing, and runny nose
• Itching, tearing, and red eyes
• Coughing, shortness of breath, and bronchial asthma
• Skin rashes, itching, dryness, and atopic dermatitis

These allergic reactions can significantly impact quality of life, reduce productivity, and increase the risk of developing other conditions.

Identifying Dust Mite Allergies

If you notice allergic symptoms appearing or worsening indoors, particularly in bedrooms or after dusting, you may have a dust mite allergy. Diagnosis requires consultation with an allergist who can perform skin or blood tests to identify specific allergen triggers. Treatment may include:

• Antihistamines, anti-inflammatory, or bronchodilator medications
• Specific immunotherapy involving gradual exposure to small allergen doses
• Implementation of hygiene practices to reduce dust mite populations

Home Prevention Strategies

While complete elimination of dust mites is impossible, their numbers and activity can be significantly reduced:

Environmental Control:

• Maintain indoor humidity at 50% or lower
• Use allergen-proof covers for mattresses and pillows
• Wash bedding weekly in hot water (55-60°C)
• Clean surfaces regularly with damp cloths
• Use vacuum cleaners with HEPA or water filtration
• Wear masks during cleaning and avoid rooms for 20 minutes afterward

Home Modifications:

• Reduce textile furnishings, especially in bedrooms
• Replace wool materials with synthetics
• Remove wall carpets and fabric curtains
• Choose smooth, easily cleanable surfaces
• Eliminate other allergen sources like flowers, mold, and tobacco smoke

Following these recommendations can create a healthier living environment. For proper diagnosis and treatment of allergies, consult a specialist who can conduct necessary examinations, design individual therapy, and provide preventive advice.